模板:Infobox drug/testcases

Type=MAB

β-羥基β-甲基丁酸
Structural formula, conjugate acid
Structural formula, conjugate base
上方:β-羥基β-甲基丁酸
下方:β-羥基β-甲基丁酸根
單株抗體
種類完整抗體
臨床資料
其他名稱Conjugate acid form:
β-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid
Conjugate base form:
hydroxymethylbutyrate
給藥途徑By mouth[1] or nasogastric[2]
ATC碼
  • 未分配
法律規範狀態
法律規範
  • OTC
  • UN未列入管制
藥物動力學數據
代謝產物HMB-CoA, HMG-CoA, mevalonate, cholesterol, acetyl-CoA, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate
藥效起始時間英語Onset of actionHMB-FA: 30–60 minutes[1]
HMB-Ca: 1–2 hours[1]
生物半衰期HMB-FA: 3 hours[1]
HMB-Ca: 2.5 hours[1]
排泄途徑Renal (10–40% excreted)[1][3]
識別資訊
CAS號625-08-1  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
化學資訊
化學式C5H10O3
摩爾質量118.13 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
密度~1.1 g/cm3 at 20 °C[4]
熔點−80 °C(−112 °F) (glass)[5]
沸點128 °C(262 °F) at 7 mmHg[4][6]
  • CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) checkY
  • Key:AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Type=Vaccine

β-羥基β-甲基丁酸
Structural formula, conjugate acid
Structural formula, conjugate base
上方:β-羥基β-甲基丁酸
下方:β-羥基β-甲基丁酸根
疫苗說明
種類不活化
臨床資料
其他名稱Conjugate acid form:
β-hydroxyisovaleric acid
3-hydroxyisovaleric acid
Conjugate base form:
hydroxymethylbutyrate
給藥途徑By mouth[1] or nasogastric[2]
ATC碼
  • 未分配
法律規範狀態
法律規範
  • OTC
  • UN未列入管制
藥物動力學數據
代謝產物HMB-CoA, HMG-CoA, mevalonate, cholesterol, acetyl-CoA, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate
藥效起始時間英語Onset of actionHMB-FA: 30–60 minutes[1]
HMB-Ca: 1–2 hours[1]
生物半衰期HMB-FA: 3 hours[1]
HMB-Ca: 2.5 hours[1]
排泄途徑Renal (10–40% excreted)[1][3]
識別資訊
CAS號625-08-1  checkY
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
化學資訊
化學式C5H10O3
摩爾質量118.13 g·mol−1
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
密度~1.1 g/cm3 at 20 °C[4]
熔點−80 °C(−112 °F) (glass)[5]
沸點128 °C(262 °F) at 7 mmHg[4][6]
  • CC(C)(CC(=O)O)O
  • InChI=1S/C5H10O3/c1-5(2,8)3-4(6)7/h8H,3H2,1-2H3,(H,6,7) checkY
  • Key:AXFYFNCPONWUHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Type=Combo (en:Adderall drugbox)

Infobox drug/testcases
an image of the amphetamine skeletal formula
a 3d image of the dextroamphetamine compound found in Adderall
組成
amphetamine aspartate monohydrate25% – stimulant
(12.5% levo; 12.5% dextro)
amphetamine sulfate25% – stimulant
(12.5% levo; 12.5% dextro)
dextroamphetamine saccharate25% – stimulant
(0% levo; 25% dextro)
dextroamphetamine sulfate25% – stimulant
(0% levo; 25% dextro)
臨床資料
商品名英語Drug nomenclatureAdderall, Adderall XR, Mydayis
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa601234
核准狀況
依賴性Physical: none[7]
Psychological: moderate[8]
成癮性Moderate
給藥途徑Oral, insufflation, rectal, sublingual
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
識別資訊
CAS號300-62-951-64-9 checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
化學資訊
摩爾質量135.20622 g/mol[9]
手性Racemic mixture[10]
密度.936 g/cm3 at 25 °C[11]
熔點11.3 °C(52.3 °F) (predicted)[12]
沸點203 °C(397 °F) at 760 mmHg[13]

Amphetamine - English WP drugbox

Infobox drug/testcases
INN Amfetamine
An image of the amphetamine compound
A 3d image of the D-amphetamine compound
臨床資料
讀音聆聽i/æmˈfɛtəmn/
商品名英語Drug nomenclatureAdderall, Adzenys XR-ODT, Dyanavel XR, Evekeo, others
其他名稱α-methylphenethylamine
AHFS/Drugs.comamphetamine
依賴性Physical: none[14]
Psychological: moderate[8]
成癮性Moderate
給藥途徑Medical: oral, intravenous[15]
Recreational: oral, insufflation, rectal, intravenous, intramuscular
藥物類別英語Drug classCNS stimulant
ATC碼
法律規範狀態
法律規範
藥物動力學數據
生物利用度Oral: 75–100%[16]
血漿蛋白結合率15–40%[17]
藥物代謝CYP2D6,[18] DBH,[26][27] FMO3[26][28][29]
代謝產物4-hydroxyamphetamine, 4-hydroxynorephedrine, 4-hydroxyphenylacetone, benzoic acid, hippuric acid, norephedrine, phenylacetone[18][19]
藥效起始時間英語Onset of actionIR dosing: 30–60 minutes[20]
XR dosing: 1.5–2 hours[21][22]
生物半衰期D-amph: 9–11 hours[18][23]
L-amph: 11–14 hours[18][23]
pH-dependent: 7–34 hours[24]
作用時間IR dosing: 3–6 hours[8][21][25]
XR dosing: 8–12 hours[8][21][25]
排泄途徑Primarily renal;
pH-dependent range: 1–75%[18]
識別資訊
  • (RS)-1-phenylpropan-2-amine
CAS號300-62-9  checkY
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
NIAID ChemDB
化學資訊
化學式C9H13N
摩爾質量135.20622 g/mol[9]
3D模型(JSmol英語JSmol
手性Racemic mixture[10]
密度.936 g/cm3 at 25 °C[11]
熔點11.3 °C(52.3 °F) (predicted)[12]
沸點203 °C(397 °F) at 760 mmHg[13]
  • NC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)C
  • InChI=1S/C9H13N/c1-8(10)7-9-5-3-2-4-6-9/h2-6,8H,7,10H2,1H3 checkY
  • Key:KWTSXDURSIMDCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY

Reflist

延伸內容
  1. ^ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.11 Wilson JM, Fitschen PJ, Campbell B, Wilson GJ, Zanchi N, Taylor L, Wilborn C, Kalman DS, Stout JR, Hoffman JR, Ziegenfuss TN, Lopez HL, Kreider RB, Smith-Ryan AE, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate (HMB). Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. February 2013, 10 (1): 6. PMC 3568064可免費查閱. PMID 23374455. doi:10.1186/1550-2783-10-6. The [International Society of Sports Nutrition] has concluded the following. 1. HMB can be used to enhance recovery by attenuating exercise induced skeletal muscle damage in trained and untrained populations. ... 4. Thirty-eight mg·kg·BM−1 daily of HMB has been demonstrated to enhance skeletal muscle hypertrophy, strength, and power in untrained and trained populations when the appropriate exercise prescription is utilized. ... 8. HMB’s mechanisms of action include an inhibition and increase of proteolysis and protein synthesis, respectively. 9. Chronic consumption of HMB is safe in both young and old populations. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Product Information: Ensure Enlive Advanced Therapeutic Nutrition Shake (PDF). Abbott Nutrition. 9 August 2016 [22 August 2016]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於12 October 2016).
     · Use under medical supervision.
     · HMB + protein for muscle health.
     

    Product Information: Juven (PDF). Abbott Nutrition. 7 May 2016 [22 August 2016]. (原始內容存檔 (PDF)於12 October 2016).
     · Administer orally or as a modular via feeding tube ...
     · Use under medical supervision.
     · Nutravigor® (CaHMB, calcium β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate)
     
  3. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Safety data sheet: 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl butyric acid. Alfa Aesar. 23 March 2005 [9 November 2016]. (原始內容存檔於17 September 2016). 
  4. ^ 5.0 5.1 Coffman DD, Cramer R, Mochel WE. Syntheses by Free-radical Reactions. V. A New Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids. Journal of the American Chemical Society. June 1958, 80 (11): 2882–2887. doi:10.1021/ja01544a072. 
  5. ^ 6.0 6.1 3-OH-isovaleric acid. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry. 2015 [10 August 2016]. (原始內容存檔於11 August 2016). Experimental Boiling Point: ... 128 °C / 7 mm ...
    Experimental solubility:
    Soluble in water
     
  6. ^ Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE. Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders. Sydor A, Brown RY (編). Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. 2009: 367. ISBN 9780071481274. While physical dependence and withdrawal occur with some drugs of abuse (opiates, ethanol), these phenomena are not useful in the diagnosis of addiction because they do not occur with other drugs of abuse (cocaine, amphetamine) and can occur with many drugs that are not abused (propranolol, clonidine). 
  7. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Stahl's Essential Psychopharmacology的參考文獻提供內容
  8. ^ 9.0 9.1 引用錯誤:沒有為名為PubChem Header的參考文獻提供內容
  9. ^ 10.0 10.1 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Proper definition的參考文獻提供內容
  10. ^ 11.0 11.1 Amphetamine. PubChem Compound. United States National Library of Medicine – National Center for Biotechnology Information. 5 November 2016 [9 November 2016].  |section-url=被忽略 (幫助); |section=被忽略 (幫助)
  11. ^ 12.0 12.1 Amphetamine. ChemSpider. Royal Society of Chemistry.  |section-url=被忽略 (幫助); |section=被忽略 (幫助);
  12. ^ 13.0 13.1 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Properties的參考文獻提供內容
  13. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為NHMH_3e-Physical dependence + psychostimulant addiction treatment的參考文獻提供內容
  14. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Amph Uses的參考文獻提供內容
  15. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Drugbank-dexamph的參考文獻提供內容
  16. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Drugbank-amph的參考文獻提供內容
  17. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 引用錯誤:沒有為名為FDA Pharmacokinetics的參考文獻提供內容
  18. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Metabolites的參考文獻提供內容
  19. ^ amphetamine/dextroamphetamine. Medscape. WebMD. Onset of action: 30–60 min  |section-url=被忽略 (幫助); |section=被忽略 (幫助);
  20. ^ 21.0 21.1 21.2 Millichap JG. Chapter 9: Medications for ADHD. Millichap JG (編). Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Handbook: A Physician's Guide to ADHD 2nd. New York, USA: Springer. 2010: 112. ISBN 9781441913968.
    Table 9.2 Dextroamphetamine formulations of stimulant medication
    Dexedrine [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–6 h] ...
    Adderall [Peak:2–3 h] [Duration:5–7 h]
    Dexedrine spansules [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h] ...
    Adderall XR [Peak:7–8 h] [Duration:12 h]
    Vyvanse [Peak:3–4 h] [Duration:12 h]
     
  21. ^ Brams M, Mao AR, Doyle RL. Onset of efficacy of long-acting psychostimulants in pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Postgrad. Med. September 2008, 120 (3): 69–88. PMID 18824827. doi:10.3810/pgm.2008.09.1909. 
  22. ^ 23.0 23.1 Adderall IR Prescribing Information (PDF). United States Food and Drug Administration. Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.: 1–6. October 2015 [18 May 2016]. 
  23. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為HSDB Toxnet October 2017 Full archived record的參考文獻提供內容
  24. ^ 25.0 25.1 Mignot EJ. A practical guide to the therapy of narcolepsy and hypersomnia syndromes. Neurotherapeutics. October 2012, 9 (4): 739–752. PMC 3480574可免費查閱. PMID 23065655. doi:10.1007/s13311-012-0150-9. 
  25. ^ 26.0 26.1 引用錯誤:沒有為名為Substituted amphetamines, FMO, and DBH的參考文獻提供內容
  26. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為DBH amph primary的參考文獻提供內容
  27. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為FMO的參考文獻提供內容
  28. ^ 引用錯誤:沒有為名為FMO3-Primary的參考文獻提供內容