癌症标志物

代表癌細胞的特異性分子

癌症标志物又稱腫瘤標誌物,是由癌細胞直接产生或由非癌細胞经癌細胞诱导产生(人體對癌細胞的反應)的物质(生物標記[1]。癌症标志物存在於人們的血液、尿液或组织中。对于肿瘤标志物的检测可对肿瘤存在、发病过程及预后作出判断。每個腫瘤標誌物對應的癌症有所不同。肿瘤标志物水平升高可能表明患有癌症,然而也可能有其他原因導致升高。

癌症标志物可回答的问题:

  • 预后:这种癌症可能继续生长?
  • 诊断:我患了何种癌症?
  • 预测:这种药是针对我患癌症的最佳用药吗?
  • 药效学:对我来说此药的最佳用量是多少?
  • 复发:癌症会再次发作吗?

常見的腫瘤標誌物

腫瘤標誌物 有關的癌症
Α-胎兒蛋白 (AFP) 生殖细胞瘤, 肝細胞癌[2]
CA 15-3 乳癌[3]
CA27.29 乳癌[4]
CA19-9 胰臟癌大腸癌胃肠道癌.[5]
CA-125 卵巢癌,[6]子宫内膜癌, 输卵管瘤, 肺癌, 乳癌胃肠道癌.[7]子宮內膜異位症.[8]
降鈣素 甲狀腺髓質癌
Calretinin英语Calretinin 間皮瘤, 性腺间质肿瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma英语adrenocortical carcinoma, 滑膜肉瘤[2]
癌胚抗原 胃肠道癌, 子宮頸癌, 肺癌, 卵巢癌, 乳癌, urinary tract cancer[2]
CD34 hemangiopericytoma英语hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor英语solitary fibrous tumor, 多形性脂肪瘤, 胃腸道基質腫瘤, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans英语dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans[2]
CD99英语CD99MIC 2 尤文氏肉瘤, primitive neuroectodermal tumor英语primitive neuroectodermal tumor, hemangiopericytoma英语hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor英语solitary fibrous tumor, 滑膜肉瘤, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 性腺间质肿瘤[2]
CD117英语CD117 胃腸道基質腫瘤, mastocytosis英语mastocytosis, seminoma英语seminoma[2]
Chromogranin英语Chromogranin 神經內分泌腫瘤[2]
Chromosomes 3, 7, 17, and 9p21 膀胱癌[9]
Cytokeratin英语Cytokeratin (TPA, TPS, Cyfra21-1) 肉瘤[2]
Desmin英语Desmin smooth muscle sarcoma, 横纹肌肉瘤, endometrial stromal sarcoma英语endometrial stromal sarcoma[2]
Epithelial membrane antigen英语Epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) meningioma英语meningioma肉瘤[2]
Factor VIII英语Factor VIII, CD31 FL1 vascular sarcoma[2]
Glial fibrillary acidic protein英语Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) 神經膠質瘤 (astrocytoma英语astrocytoma, ependymoma英语ependymoma)[2]
Gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15) 乳癌, 卵巢癌, salivary gland cancer英语salivary gland cancer[2]
hPG80英语hPG80 乳癌, 卵巢癌, 前列腺癌, 腎癌, 大腸癌, 肝癌
HMB-45英语HMB-45 黑色素瘤, PEComa英语PEComa (例如 angiomyolipoma英语angiomyolipoma), clear cell adenocarcinoma英语clear cell adenocarcinoma, adrenocortical carcinoma英语adrenocortical carcinoma[2]
人绒毛膜促性腺激素 (hCG) 妊娠滋养细胞疾病, 生殖细胞瘤, 绒毛膜癌[2]
抗体 淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
激活素与抑制素 性腺间质肿瘤, adrenocortical carcinoma英语adrenocortical carcinoma, hemangioblastoma英语hemangioblastoma[2]
角蛋白 , 肉瘤[2]
淋巴细胞 淋巴瘤, 白血病[2]
MART-1英语MART-1 (Melan-A) 黑色素瘤,adrenocortical carcinoma英语adrenocortical carcinomagonadal tumor[2]
Myo D1英语Myo D1 横纹肌肉瘤, small, round, blue cell tumour英语small, round, blue cell tumour[2]
muscle-specific actin (MSA) myosarcoma英语myosarcoma (平滑肌肉瘤, 横纹肌肉瘤)[2]
neurofilament英语neurofilament 神經內分泌腫瘤, 小细胞癌[2]
neuron-specific enolase英语neuron-specific enolase (NSE) 神經內分泌腫瘤, 小细胞癌, 乳癌[2]
placental alkaline phosphatase英语placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) seminoma英语seminoma, 无性细胞瘤, 胚胎性癌[2]
前列腺特异抗原 (PSA) 前列腺[2]
蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶C型受體 (CD45) 淋巴瘤, 白血病, histiocytic sarcoma英语histiocytic sarcoma[2]
S100蛋白 黑色素瘤, 肉瘤 (neurosarcoma英语neurosarcoma, 脂肪瘤, chondrosarcoma英语chondrosarcoma), astrocytoma英语astrocytoma, 胃腸道基質腫瘤, salivary gland cancer英语salivary gland cancer, adenocarcinoma英语adenocarcinoma, histiocytic tumor (樹突狀細胞, 巨噬细胞)[2]
smooth muscle actin (SMA) 胃腸道基質腫瘤, 平滑肌肉瘤, PEComa英语PEComa[2]
突觸素 神經內分泌腫瘤[2]
胸苷激酶 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 肺癌, 前列腺癌
thyroglobulin英语thyroglobulin (Tg) 甲狀腺癌[2]
thyroid transcription factor-1英语thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) 甲狀腺癌, 肺癌[2]
Tumor M2-PK英语Tumor M2-PK 大腸癌,[10] 乳癌,[11][12] renal cell carcinoma英语renal cell carcinoma[13][14] 肺癌,[15][16] 胰臟癌,[17] 食道癌,[18] 胃癌,[18]子宮頸癌,[19] 卵巢癌,[20]
波形蛋白 肉瘤, renal cell carcinoma英语renal cell carcinoma, 子宫内膜癌, 肺癌, 淋巴瘤, 白血病, 黑色素瘤[2]

分子癌症标志物

肿瘤类型 生物标志物
乳腺 ER(雌激素受体)[21][22]
HER-2/neu[21][22]
结直肠 EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][23]
UGT1A1[21][23]
HER-2/neu[21]
胃腸道基質腫瘤 c-KIT[21][24]
白血病/淋巴瘤 CD20抗原[21][25]
CD30[21][26]
FIP1L1-PDGRFα[21][27]
PDGFR[21][28]
费城染色体(BCR/ABL)[21][29][30]
PML/RARα[21][31]
TPMT[21][32]
UGT1A1[21][33]
ALK[21][34][35]
EGFR[21][22]
KRAS[21][22]
黑色素瘤 BRAF[21][35]

生物标志物的其它例子:

参考文献

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