南非狐

南非狐
	正在捕食普通珠鸡的南非狐，摄于纳米比亚埃托沙国家公园
	幼仔
保护状况
	; 无危（IUCN 3.1）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
属：	狐属 Vulpes
种：	南非狐 V. chama
二名法
	Vulpes chama; (A Smith（英语：Andrew Smith (zoologist)）, 1833)
	南非狐的分布范围
异名
	caama (C. E. H. Smith, 1839); hodsoni (Noack, 1910); variegatoides (Layard, 1861);

南非狐（学名：Vulpes chama）是原产于南部非洲的一种小型狐狸^[2]，也是漠南非洲唯一的狐属物种，且为该属演化树上较基部的类群，因而可能保有较多祖征^[3]。本种的体长（不含尾）约为45—62公分；尾长30—40公分；肩高30—35公分；体重2.5—4.5公斤；毛色为银灰色、耳后为黄棕色、耳廓中有白色的毛^[4]；下腹与四肢颜色较躯干更接近黄棕色^[5]^[6]；尾部毛色为银色至淡黄棕色，基部则为黑色^[4]；无两性异型^[7]。

南非狐分布于南部非洲的干燥与半干燥地区，以及南非西部的弗因博斯等较潮湿的地带^[1]，分布范围北至安哥拉西南部^[8]。本种为夜行性动物，在黄昏与拂晓时较为活跃，白天常在地洞中歇息，可挖掘自己的地洞或使用跳兔等其他动物挖掘的地洞^[3]。本种一般为独居生活^[9]；食性为杂食性，以小型哺乳类、鸟类、昆虫、腐肉与植株为食^[10]。

参考文献

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Hoffmann, M. Vulpes chama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014, 2014: e.T23060A46126992 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en  .
^ Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT. The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (报告). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. 2016.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge. Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian Species. 2019, 51 (972): 11–17. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002  .
^ Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. 1992: 168–171. ISBN 9781483263694.
^ Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1976, 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922  .
^ Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Comparative morphology of the mandibulodental complex in wild and domestic canids.. Journal of Anatomy. June 1992, 180 (Pt 3): 419–424. PMC 1259643  . PMID 1487435.
^ Crawford-Cabral JC. Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia (Lisbon). 1989, 14 (2): 3–27.
^ Nel, J.A.J. Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari. Koedoe. 1 December 1984, 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582  .
^ Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa. Wildlife Biology. June 2014, 20 (3): 190–195. S2CID 86020958. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006  .

[iucn_status_11_November_2021-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Hoffmann, M. Vulpes chama. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014, 2014: e.T23060A46126992 [11 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T23060A46126992.en  .

[msw3-2] Wozencraft, W.C. Order Carnivora. Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (编). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press. 2005: 532–628. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. LCCN 2005001870. OCLC 62265494. NLC 001238428.

[Red-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Child MF, Roxburgh L, Do Linh San E, Raimondo D, Davies-Mostert HT. The red list of mammals of South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho (报告). South Africa: South African National Biodiversity Institute and Endangered Wildlife Trust. 2016.

[Lavoie-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Lavoie, Maxime; Renard, Aurélie; Pitt, Justin A.; Larivière, Serge. Vulpes chama (Carnivora: Canidae). Mammalian Species. 2019, 51 (972): 11–17. ISSN 0076-3519. S2CID 198261483. doi:10.1093/mspecies/sez002  .

[Sheldon-5] Sheldon, Jennifer W. Wild dogs: the natural history of the non-domestic Canidae. San Diego: Academic Press. 1992: 168–171. ISBN 9781483263694.

[Clutton-Brock-6] Clutton-Brock, Juliet; Corbet, Gordon B; Hills, Michael. A review of the family Canidae, with a classification by numerical methods. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). 1976, 29: 117–199. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.6922  .

[7] Kieser JA, Groeneveld HT. Comparative morphology of the mandibulodental complex in wild and domestic canids.. Journal of Anatomy. June 1992, 180 (Pt 3): 419–424. PMC 1259643  . PMID 1487435.

[8] Crawford-Cabral JC. Distributional data and notes on Angolan carnivores (Mammalia: Carnivora) I. Small and median-sizes species. Garcia de Orta Serie de Zoologia (Lisbon). 1989, 14 (2): 3–27.

[Nel-9] Nel, J.A.J. Behavioural ecology of canids in the South-Western Kalahari. Koedoe. 1 December 1984, 27 (2): 229–235. doi:10.4102/koedoe.v27i2.582  .

[Klare-10] Klare, Unn; Kamler, Jan F.; Macdonald, David W. Seasonal diet and numbers of prey consumed by Cape foxes Vulpes chama in South Africa. Wildlife Biology. June 2014, 20 (3): 190–195. S2CID 86020958. doi:10.2981/wlb.00006  .

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