巨细胞动脉炎

巨细胞动脉炎(Giant cell arteritis,GCA),又称颞动脉炎,为主要进犯大型血管的发炎性疾病[4][7]。症状包含头痛、太阳穴疼痛、流感样症状英语flu-like symptoms复视、张口困难(jaw claudication)[3]。并发症包含眼动脉阻塞,造成视力受损主动脉剥离,以及主动脉瘤等等[4]。巨细胞动脉炎与风湿性多发性肌痛症英语polymyalgia rheumatica[4]

巨细胞动脉炎
又称颞动脉炎(Temporal arteritis)、颅动脉炎(cranial arteritis)[1]、霍顿氏病(Horton disease)[2]、senile arteritis[1]、granulomatous arteritis[1]
头颈部的动脉
症状头痛、太阳穴疼痛、流感样症状英语flu-like symptoms复视、张口困难[3]
并发症视觉受损主动脉剥离主动脉瘤风湿性多发性肌痛症英语polymyalgia rheumatica[4]
起病年龄50岁以上[4]
病因动脉的血管滋养管发炎[4]
诊断方法血液检查、临床症状、颞动脉组织切片[4]
鉴别诊断高安氏动脉炎[5]中风初级类淀粉症英语primary amyloidosis[6]
治疗糖皮质激素双磷酸盐类英语bisphosphonates氢离子泵阻断剂[4]
预后预期寿命:通常不受影响[4]
患病率约每年每15000人会有一人发生(>50岁者)[2]
分类和外部资源
医学专科风湿病学急诊医学
ICD-114A44.2
ICD-10M31.5、​M31.6
ICD-9-CM446.5
OMIM187360
DiseasesDB12938
MedlinePlus000448
eMedicine1147184、​332483
Orphanet397
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

巨细胞动脉炎的详细致病原因目前尚未阐明[2]。大型动脉的血管滋养管发炎可能为潜在致病机转[4]。该疾病主要进犯头颈部的血管,但有时也会进犯胸部的血管[4][8]。诊断需依据症状、抽血检查,及医学影像进行,若须确诊必须进行浅颞动脉活体组织切片[4]。然而有约10%患者的颞动脉是正常的[4]

治疗上通常会给予高剂量的糖皮质激素,如强的松(prednisone)或泼尼松龙(prednisolone)[4]。症状缓解后,每两周可以减少约10-20%的剂量[4]。减药到一定剂量后,则需减缓减药速度[4]。为了避免类固醇的副作用,治疗上也可以配合双磷酸盐类英语bisphosphonates避免骨质流失,或是氢离子泵阻断剂减少肠胃道症状[4]

巨细胞动脉炎通常只会在50岁以上发生,其中更常见于70岁以上的人[4]。约有15,000分之一的50岁以上患者可能发生[2]。女性[4]北欧人又较其他族群容易发生[5]。患者的预期寿命通常不受影响[4]。该病于1890年首次为人记述[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Nussinovitch, Udi. The Heart in Rheumatic, Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases: Pathophysiology, Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Approaches. Academic Press. 2017: 367. ISBN 9780128032688. (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Orphanet: Giant cell arteritis. www.orpha.net. [2017-09-14]. (原始内容存档于2017-09-14). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Giant Cell Arteritis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2017-04-13 [2017-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). 
  4. ^ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 4.13 4.14 4.15 4.16 4.17 4.18 4.19 Weyand CM, Goronzy JJ. Clinical practice. Giant-cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. The New England Journal of Medicine. July 2014, 371 (1): 50–7. PMC 4277693 . PMID 24988557. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp1214825. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Johnson RJ, Feehally J, Floege J. Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2014: 300. ISBN 9780323242875. (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). 
  6. ^ Ferri, Fred F. Ferri's Differential Diagnosis E-Book: A Practical Guide to the Differential Diagnosis of Symptoms, Signs, and Clinical Disorders. Elsevier Health Sciences. 2010: 195. ISBN 978-0323081634. (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). 
  7. ^ Jennette JC, Falk RJ, Bacon PA, Basu N, Cid MC, Ferrario F, et al. 2012 revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides. Arthritis and Rheumatism. January 2013, 65 (1): 1–11. PMID 23045170. doi:10.1002/art.37715. 
  8. ^ Giant Cell Arteritis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. 2017-04-13 [2017-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2017-10-22). 

外部链接

  • Mackie, SL; Dejaco, C; Appenzeller, S; Camellino, D; Duftner, C; Gonzalez-Chiappe, S; Mahr, A; Mukhtyar, C; Reynolds, G; de Souza, AWS; Brouwer, E; Bukhari, M; Buttgereit, F; Byrne, D; Cid, MC; Cimmino, M; Direskeneli, H; Gilbert, K; Kermani, TA; Khan, A; Lanyon, P; Luqmani, R; Mallen, C; Mason, JC; Matteson, EL; Merkel, PA; Mollan, S; Neill, L; Sullivan, EO; Sandovici, M; Schmidt, WA; Watts, R; Whitlock, M; Yacyshyn, E; Ytterberg, S; Dasgupta, B. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford, England). 2020-03-01, 59 (3): e1–e23. PMID 31970405. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kez672.