预防性战争
预防性战争是当某一方认为军事冲突虽然不是迫在眉睫，但已不可避免，拖延下去将带来更大风险而发动的战争。 [1] 进攻的一方认为被攻击的一方会威胁自己，而且未来被攻击的一方很有可能会主动发动攻击[2][3]。若是进攻的一方认为自己即将被袭击，而率先进攻对方，则是先发制人的打击。[2]
不过有人认为，未经联合国批准而发动的预防性战争在并不符合国际法[4][5][6][7]，并且缺乏法律依据。[8]联合国威胁、挑战和改革问题高级别小组认为如果有充分理由发动预防性战争，则应将理由提交联合国安全理事会讨论，由联合国安全理事会授权发动预防性战争。 [9]
参考文献
- ^ Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms p.413 (2001, as amended 2002).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 Taming American Power, Stephen M. Walt, pp 224
- ^ Levy, Jack S. Preventive War: Concept and Propositions. International Interactions. 2011, 37 (1): 87–96. ISSN 0305-0629. S2CID 154345645. doi:10.1080/03050629.2011.546716.
- ^ Beinart, Peter. How America Shed the Taboo Against Preventive War. The Atlantic. 2017-04-21 [2019-03-13] （美国英语）.
- ^ Warren, Aiden; Bode, Ingvild, Warren, Aiden; Bode, Ingvild , 编, Self-Defense in International Law: Preemptive/Preventive Requisites, Governing the Use-of-Force in International Relations: The Post 9/11 US Challenge on International Law, New Security Challenges Series (Palgrave Macmillan UK), 2014: 23–45, ISBN 9781137411440, doi:10.1057/9781137411440_3 （英语）
- ^ Suzanne Uniacke, The False Promise of Preventive War, Henry Shue; David Rodin (编), Preemption: military action and moral justification, Oxford UP: 88, 2007, ISBN 9780199233137
- ^ Shaw, Malcolm. International Law (6th edn). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2008: 1140. ISBN 978-0-521-72814-0.
- ^ Brownlie, Ian. Principles of Public International Law. New York: Oxford University Press. 2008: 734. ISBN 978-0-19-921176-0.
- ^ https://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/C9B1B6D819968E83C1256F5E00597208/$file/Report+of+the+High-level+Panel+on+Threats+Challenges+and+Change.pdf 互联网档案馆的存档，存档日期2021-01-23. p.54