核糖体病变
核糖体病变(Ribosomopathy)是核糖体异常所致的遗传疾病,为核糖体蛋白质或其他参与核糖体组装的蛋白发生基因突变而使其无法正常组装所致[1][2][3]。已知核糖体病变导致的疾病包括多数的先天性纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血(DBA)[2]、某些肌肉萎缩症[4]、X染色体偶连的先天性角化不良症亚型[5][6]、特雷彻·柯林斯综合征(TCS)[2][7]、舒-戴二氏症候群(SDS)[8]、某些骨髓增生异常症候群、北美印第安儿童肝硬化(NAIC)[9]、孤立性先天无脾症(ACAS)[9][10][11][12]、Bowen-Conradi症候群(BWCNS)[13][14][15][16]、CHARGE联合畸形与ANE症候群等[17],另外还有数种癌症可能为核糖体异常所致[18]。许多疾病的致病机理与核糖体异常激活p53途径有关[19][20]。
核糖体组装
真核生物组装核糖体的过程首先为在核仁中由RNA聚合酶I转录产生45S的前核糖体RNA(pre-rRNA),此RNA经剪切后可产生32S rRNA与30S rRNA,前者可再被剪切成28S rRNA及5.8S rRNA[21][22],后者则可被剪切成18S rRNA[23],28S、5.8S与独立由RNA聚合酶III转录产生的5S rRNA可与核糖体蛋白组合成60S核糖体亚基[24],18S rRNA则与核糖体蛋白组合成40S核糖体亚基,转译进行时两者再进一步结合产生80S核糖体。此过程中各步骤的异常都可能影响核糖体组装而导致核糖体病变。
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参考文献
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- ^ OMIM 300126
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