莫洛冲突

摩洛冲突,是菲律宾棉兰老岛地区的伊斯兰叛乱,由1969年开始持续至2019年。

摩洛冲突
菲律宾动乱英语Insurgency in the Philippines对伊斯兰国的军事打击反恐战争的一部分
日期1968 年 3 月 18 日[26] – 2019 年 2 月 22 日
(50年11个月又4天)
地点
状态 进行中 (对圣战的叛乱)
邦萨摩洛过渡权力机构成立于2019年2月,执政直到2022年棉兰老穆斯林邦萨摩洛自治区[27]
领土变更 在2019年2月22日菲律宾政府批准了棉兰老穆斯林邦萨摩洛自治区,并取代了民答那峨穆斯林自治区[27]
参战方

 菲律宾
支持:
 美国 (顾问)[1]
 澳大利亚[2][3]
 印度尼西亚[4][5]
 马来西亚 (自 2001 年起)[4][6][7][8]
 俄罗斯[9]


人道援助:  中华民国
慈济基金会台湾海外援助发展联盟等民间人道主义组织


国际监督小组英语International Monitoring Team

1969–2014: 莫洛人组织:
莫洛民族解放阵线 (至1996年)[10]
莫洛伊斯兰解放阵线 (至2014年)

前支持:
大阿拉伯利比亚人民社会主义民众国 (至2011年)[11][12][13][14][15][16]
 马来西亚 (至1995年)[17][18][19]


从 2005 年
菲律宾民族民主阵线

从 1991 年开始:
圣战组织:
阿布沙耶夫(1991年至今)
邦萨摩洛伊斯兰自由战士 (2008年至今)
安萨尔哈里发英语Ansar Khalifa Philippines (2014 年至今)

前圣战组织:
毛特组织 (2013–2017)[20][21][22]
棉兰老伊斯兰哈里发英语Khalifa Islamiyah Mindanao(KIM)(2011–2013)[23]
苏莱曼酋长运动 (1991–不明)[24][25]
指挥官与领导者

费迪南德·马科斯
(1969–1986)
柯拉蓉·艾奎诺
(1986–1992)
菲德尔·瓦尔迪斯·罗慕斯
(1992–1998)
约瑟夫·艾斯特拉达
(1998–2001)
葛洛丽雅·马卡帕加尔-雅罗育
(2001–2010)
艾奎诺三世
(2010–2016)
罗德里戈·杜特蒂
(2016–2022)

小斐迪南·马可仕
(2016–至今)
努·密苏阿里 (1969–1996)
Habier Malik 
Muslimin Sema (1969–1996)
Habib Mujahab Hashim# (1969–1996)
Abul Khayr Alonto# (1969–1996)
Murad Ebrahim (1977–2014)
Hashim Salamat# (1977–2003)
前支持者:
穆罕默德·安瓦尔·萨达特 (1969–1981)[28]
穆安玛尔·格达费 (1969–2011)
Mustapha Harun (1969–1995)[29][30]
拉杜兰·萨希龙英语Radullan Sahiron
卡扎菲·简加拉尼英语Khadaffy Janjalani 
Galib Andang 
Ameril Umbra Kato #
Isnilon Hapilon [31]
Hatib Hajan Sawadjaan 
Omar Maute 
Abdullah Maute 
兵力
125,000–130,000[32] 11,000 (2012)[32]
伤亡与损失
死亡总数:
包括平民在内的至少 120,000 人

由于1935年菲律宾政府的重新安置政策使摩洛人开始边缘化,到1969年,菲律宾政府和摩洛穆斯林反叛团体之间出现了政治紧张局势和公开敌对行动。正在发展的摩洛人叛乱是由贾比达大屠杀引发的,该大屠杀导致60名菲律宾穆斯林突击队员被杀,计划夺回马来西亚沙巴州东部地区。作为回应,菲律宾大学教授努·密苏阿里成立了摩洛民族解放阵线(MNLF),这是一个武装叛乱组织,致力于建立一个由棉兰老岛,苏禄和巴拉望岛组成的独立政治实体。在过去几年中,MNLF分裂成几个不同的团体,包括摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线(摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线),该集团希望在菲律宾建立一个伊斯兰国家。摩洛叛乱根植于邦萨摩洛人民反对外国统治的长期抵抗历史,可追溯到1898年美国吞并菲律宾,从那以后,摩洛人就抵抗菲律宾政府。

伤亡统计数据因冲突而异;然而,乌普萨拉冲突数据计划英语Uppsala Conflict Data Program的保守估计表明,菲律宾政府与阿布沙耶夫摩洛伊斯兰解放阵线等各派系在1989年至2012年间的武装冲突中至少有6,015人丧生。

2019年杜特尔特领导的菲律宾政府与摩洛人达成协议,成立邦萨摩洛自治区,武装组织缴械解散。

参考文献

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