雪馬里戰鬥
雪馬里戰鬥也稱臨津江戰役,是朝鮮戰爭第五次戰役期間發生在臨津江下游的一次戰鬥,交戰雙方為中國人民志願軍和以英國第29步兵旅為主的聯合國軍。
雪馬里戰鬥 | |||||||
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朝鮮戰爭第五次戰役的一部分 | |||||||
在雪馬里戰鬥中被中國志願軍63軍擊毀的英軍Centurion MK-3坦克 | |||||||
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參戰方 | |||||||
指揮官與領導者 | |||||||
馬修·李奇微 托馬斯·布羅迪 Albert Crahay[6] Joseph Wagener[7] Dionisio S. Ojeda[8] 姜文奉[9] |
彭德懷 楊得志[10] 傅崇碧[10] 曾思玉[10] 蕭應棠[10] | ||||||
參戰單位 | |||||||
第1步兵師[11][12] | |||||||
傷亡與損失 | |||||||
| 15,000+ (聯合國軍估計)[15] | ||||||
參考文獻
注釋
- ^ 根據不同的史料,雪馬里戰鬥的範圍和結果存在不同的解釋。根據中國的官方歷史,中國第63軍消滅格洛斯特郡第1營被認為是一個重要的勝利,儘管由於韓國第一步兵師的防禦,使得第64軍和第65軍未能消滅整個英國第29獨立步兵旅並攻占首爾,這是一個嚴重的挫折。另一方面,韓國對雪馬里戰鬥的貢獻僅被韓國官方歷史記載得很少,但歷史學家 Allan R. Millet 認為,在經歷了1950年至1951年間的嚴重失敗之後,韓國第一步兵師在戰鬥中的表現證明了韓國軍隊的潛力。英國方面認為,第29旅面對中國第63軍做出了不可避免的犧牲,最終阻止了中國占領首爾。不管這些解釋如何,歷史學家張曙光和安德魯·薩爾蒙的獨立研究得出的結論是,第29旅的行動擾亂了中國的前進,足以影響朝鮮戰爭第五次戰役的結果。[1][2][3][4][5]
引文
- ^ Chinese Military Science Academy 2000,第317–18頁.
- ^ Chae, Chung & Yang 2001,第xii頁.
- ^ Farrar-Hockley 1990,第136頁.
- ^ Salmon 2009,第317頁.
- ^ Zhang 1995,第149–50頁.
- ^ Villahermosa 2009,第125頁.
- ^ Belgians Can Do Too! The Belgian-Luxembourg Battalion in the Korean War, Brussels: Museum of the Army and of Military History: 42, 2010, ISBN 978-2-87051-050-6
- ^ Villahermosa 2009,第104頁.
- ^ Paik 1992,第138頁.
- ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 Chinese Military Science Academy 2000,第375頁
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Chinese Military Science Academy 2000,第312–13頁
- ^ Chae, Chung & Yang 2001,第613頁.
- ^ Salmon 2009,第129頁.
- ^ Salmon 2009,第262頁.
- ^ Millett 2010,第434, 441頁,Excerpt reads: "Despite [a low estimate of] 30,000 casualties, most of them in the 19th Army Group on the approaches to Seoul, Peng Dehuai could not call off the ill considered offensive that he had never believed would be successful.".
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