新加坡戰略

新加坡戰略是一份關於大英帝國的海軍國防政策，這個政策涉及到了從1919年到1941年間的一系列的戰爭計劃，計劃主旨是在遠東進駐一支英國皇家海軍艦隊，遏止日本南下侵略印度或澳大利亞；為此1919年起英國選定在馬六甲海峽東端的新加坡建設艦隊基地，此後20年不斷強化該地戰鬥能量。

新加坡戰略
反擊號戰鬥巡洋艦帶領着她的姐妹艦聲望號戰鬥巡洋艦和其他皇家海軍艦艇在1920年代的演習
時期	1919–1942
作戰空間	海上

構想

英國想定中，認為和日本的戰爭會以三階段進行：一、守衛住新加坡要塞的英軍等待英國本土增援艦隊抵達；二、艦隊北上拯救或奪回香港；三、對日本本土進行海上封鎖，重創仰賴海上貿易的日本，迫和對手。反攻日本本土的想法則因不切實際而不在考慮內。但英軍沒估計到日本願意投注兵力主動挑戰英軍，並有擊敗英軍的實力。

鞏固新加坡成為英國在1920年代起的遠東國防根本，在1937年，就海軍上校斯蒂芬·羅斯基爾所言，駐新主力艦隊的概念也許是通過反覆驗證，已猶如聖諭般地不容置疑。但是政治、經濟和實行上的困難令這個戰略難以成功執行。在20世紀30年代，英國和海外對這項戰略批評不斷，尤其是澳大利亞常以其為藉口來削減自己的國防開支。英國最終實行該戰略，在新加坡部署15吋口徑大砲，派遣了「Z艦隊」駐進新加坡。

失敗

1941年12月10日，日本空襲新加坡，威爾斯親王號戰列艦和反擊號戰鬥巡洋艦北上攔截日本艦隊，卻在馬來亞海戰被日軍飛機用魚雷擊沉，日軍同時在馬來半島長驅直進，防守的英軍毫無招架之力，吉隆坡及檳城相繼失守，英軍不斷後撤到馬來半島南端的柔佛，及後經長堤撤退至新加坡。1942年2月8日，日軍進攻新加坡，新加坡戰役爆發，日軍用不足一星期時間攻佔半個新加坡，因為糧食及淡水開始短缺，負責新加坡防守的最高指揮官白思華決定停戰，於2月15日帶領超過八萬人的英軍向日軍投降，被溫斯頓·丘吉爾稱其為「英國歷史上最嚴重的災難和最大規模的投降」，大部分投降英軍死於日軍勞役及疾病。

參見

• 新加坡海軍基地
• 橘色戰爭計劃

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