新加坡戰略

新加坡戰略是一份關於大英帝國的海軍國防政策，這個政策涉及到了從1919年到1941年間的一系列的戰爭計劃，計劃主旨是在遠東進駐一支英國皇家海軍艦隊，遏止日本南下侵略印度或澳大利亞；為此1919年起英國選定在馬六甲海峽東端的新加坡建設艦隊基地，此後20年不斷強化該地戰鬥能量。

新加坡戰略
反擊號戰鬥巡洋艦帶領著她的姐妹艦聲望號戰鬥巡洋艦和其他皇家海軍艦艇在1920年代的演習
時期	1919–1942
作戰空間	海上

構想

英國想定中，認為和日本的戰爭會以三階段進行：一、守衛住新加坡要塞的英軍等待英國本土增援艦隊抵達；二、艦隊北上拯救或奪回香港；三、對日本本土進行海上封鎖，重創仰賴海上貿易的日本，迫和對手。反攻日本本土的想法則因不切實際而不在考慮內。但英軍沒估計到日本願意投注兵力主動挑戰英軍，並有擊敗英軍的實力。

鞏固新加坡成為英國在1920年代起的遠東國防根本，在1937年，就海軍上校史蒂芬·羅斯基爾所言，駐新主力艦隊的概念也許是通過反覆驗證，已猶如聖諭般地不容置疑。但是政治、經濟和實行上的困難令這個戰略難以成功執行。在20世紀30年代，英國和海外對這項戰略批評不斷，尤其是澳大利亞常以其為藉口來削減自己的國防開支。英國最終實行該戰略，在新加坡部署15吋口徑大砲，派遣了「Z艦隊」駐進新加坡。

失敗

1941年12月10日，日本空襲新加坡，威爾斯親王號戰列艦和反擊號戰鬥巡洋艦北上攔截日本艦隊，卻在馬來亞海戰被日軍飛機用魚雷擊沉，日軍同時在馬來半島長驅直進，防守的英軍毫無招架之力，吉隆坡及檳城相繼失守，英軍不斷後撤到馬來半島南端的柔佛，及後經長堤撤退至新加坡。1942年2月8日，日軍進攻新加坡，新加坡戰役爆發，日軍用不足一星期時間攻占半個新加坡，因為糧食及淡水開始短缺，負責新加坡防守的最高指揮官白思華決定停戰，於2月15日帶領超過八萬人的英軍向日軍投降，被溫斯頓·邱吉爾稱其為「英國歷史上最嚴重的災難和最大規模的投降」，大部分投降英軍死於日軍勞役及疾病。

參見

• 新加坡海軍基地
• 橘色戰爭計畫

參考文獻

• Bell, Christopher M. The Royal Navy, Seapower and Strategy between the Wars. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-8047-3978-1. OCLC 45224321. 
• Bell, Christopher M. The Singapore Strategy and the Deterrence of Japan: Winston Churchill, the Admiralty and the Dispatch of Force Z. The English Historical Review (Oxford University Press). June 2001, 116 (467): pp. 604–634. ISSN 0013-8266. JSTOR 579812. doi:10.1093/ehr/116.467.604.  引文格式1維護：冗餘文本 (link)
• Brebner, J. Bartlet. Canada, The Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Washington Conference. Political Science Quarterly (The Academy of Political Science). March 1935, 50 (1): pp. 45–58. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2143412. doi:10.2307/2143412.  引文格式1維護：冗餘文本 (link)
• Callahan, Raymond. The Illusion of Security: Singapore 1919–42. Journal of Contemporary History (Sage Publications, Ltd). April 1974, 9 (2): pp. 69–92. ISSN 0022-0094. JSTOR 260047. doi:10.1177/002200947400900203.  引文格式1維護：冗餘文本 (link)
• Cate, James Lea. The Twentieth Air Force and Matterhorn. Craven, Wesley Frank and Cate, James Lea (編). Volume Five. The Pacific: Matterhorn to Nagasaki June 1944 to August 1945. The Army Air Forces in World War II. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press. 1953 [15 April 2012]. OCLC 9828710. （原始內容存檔於2020-09-20）. 
• Churchill, Winston. The Hinge of Fate. Boston, Massachusetts: Houghton Mifflin. 1950 [15 April 2012]. ISBN 0-395-41058-4. OCLC 396148. （原始內容存檔於2014-01-03）. 
• Day, David. The Great Betrayal: Britain, Australia and the Onset of the Pacific War, 1939–42. New York: Norton. 1988. ISBN 0-393-02685-X. OCLC 18948548. 
• Dennis, Peter. Australia and the Singapore Strategy. Farrell, Brian P.; Hunter, Sandy (編). A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. 2010: 20–31 [22 February 2011]. ISBN 978-981-4276-26-9. OCLC 462535579. （原始內容存檔於2017-08-30）. 
• Edwards, Peter. A Nation at War: Australian Politics, Society and Diplomacy During the Vietnam War 1965–1975. Allen and Unwin. 1997. ISBN 1-86448-282-6. 
• Farrell, Brian P. Introduction. Farrell, Brian P.; Hunter, Sandy (編). A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. 2010: vi–xiii. ISBN 978-981-4276-26-9. OCLC 462535579. 
• Ferris, John R. Student and Master: The United Kingdom, Japan, Airpower and the Fall of Singapore. Farrell, Brian P.; Hunter, Sandy (編). A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. 2010: 74–97. ISBN 978-981-4276-26-9. OCLC 462535579. 
• Field, Andrew. Royal Navy Strategy in the Far East 1919–1939: Preparing for the War against Japan. Cass Series – Naval Policy and History. London: Frank Cass. 2004. ISBN 0-7146-5321-7. ISSN 1366-9478. OCLC 52688002. 
• Gill, G. Hermon. Royal Australian Navy 1939–1942. Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 1957 [15 April 2012]. ISBN 0-00-217479-0. OCLC 848228. （原始內容存檔於2009-05-25）. 
• Gillison, Douglas. Royal Australian Air Force 1939–1942 (PDF). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 1962 [15 April 2012]. OCLC 2000369. （原始內容存檔於2009-05-25）. 
• Hack, Ken; Blackburn, Kevin. Did Singapore Have to Fall? Churchill and the Impregnable Fortress. London: Routledge. 2003. ISBN 0-415-30803-8. OCLC 310390398. 
• Jones, Matthew. Up the Garden Path? Britain's Nuclear History in the Far East, 1954–1962. The International History Review (Routledge). June 2003, 25 (2): pp. 306–333. ISSN 0707-5332. doi:10.1080/07075332.2003.9640998.  引文格式1維護：冗餘文本 (link)
• Kennedy, Greg. Symbol of Imperial Defence. Farrell, Brian P.; Hunter, Sandy (編). A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. 2010. ISBN 978-981-4276-26-9. OCLC 462535579. 
• Long, Gavin. To Benghazi (PDF). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 1952 [24 September 2009]. OCLC 18400892. （原始內容存檔於2009-05-25）. 
• McGibbon, Ian C. Blue-Water Rationale: The Naval Defence of New Zealand, 1914–1942. Wellington: Government Printer. 1981. ISBN 0-477-01072-5. OCLC 8494032. 
• McIntyre, W. David. The Rise and Fall of the Singapore Naval Base, 1919–1942. Cambridge Commonwealth Series. London: MacMillan Press. 1979. ISBN 0-333-24867-8. OCLC 5860782. 
• Millett, Alan R. Assault from the Sea-The Development Of Amphibious Warfare between the Wars : the American, British and Japanese Experiences. Murray, Williamson; Millett, Alan R (編). Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996: 50–95. ISBN 0-521-55241-9. OCLC 33334760. 
• Murfett, Malcolm M. An Enduring Theme: The Singapore Strategy. Farrell, Brian P.; Hunter, Sandy (編). A Great Betrayal?: The Fall of Singapore Revisited. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. 2010. ISBN 978-981-4276-26-9. OCLC 462535579. 
• Paterson, Rab. The Fall of Fortress Singapore: Churchill's Role and the Conflicting Interpretations (PDF). Sophia International Review (Sophia University). 2008, 30 [14 March 2011]. ISSN 0288-4607. （原始內容存檔 (PDF)於2017-08-01）. 
• Roskill, S. W. The War at Sea: Volume I: the Defensive. History of the Second World War. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 1954. OCLC 66711112. 
• Stoddart, Kristan. The Sword and the Shield : Britain, America, NATO, and Nuclear Weapons, 1970-1976. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. 2014. ISBN 9780230300934. OCLC 870285634. 
• Till, Geoffrey. Adopting the Carrier Aircraft : the British, American and Japanese Case Studies. Murray, Williamson; Millett, Alan R (編). Military Innovation in the Interwar Period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1996: 191–226. ISBN 0-521-55241-9. OCLC 33334760. 
• Tate, Merze; Foy, Fidele. More Light on the Abrogation of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance. Political Science Quarterly (The Academy of Political Science). December 1959, 74 (4): pp. 532–554. ISSN 0032-3195. JSTOR 2146422. doi:10.2307/2146422.  引文格式1維護：冗餘文本 (link)
• Wigmore, Lionel. The Japanese Thrust (PDF). Australia in the War of 1939–1945. Canberra: Australian War Memorial. 1957 [25 December 2008]. OCLC 3134219. （原始內容存檔於2013-10-12）. 
• Wynn, Humphrey. RAF Nuclear Deterrent Forces. London: The Stationery Office. 1994. ISBN 0-11-772833-0. OCLC 31612798.