顎針蟻屬

蚁科的一属昆虫


顎針蟻屬 (Anochetus ) 主要棲息於熱帶亞熱帶地區,少數幾種棲息於溫帶地區,具有觸發式大顎 (trap-jaw) ,肉食性[1][2]。姊妹群為鋸針蟻屬[3][4],鋸針蟻屬和顎針蟻屬是鋸針蟻族下唯二的成員,Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持鋸針蟻屬是由顎針蟻屬演化而來的假說[5]

顎針蟻屬
化石時期:波爾多期至現代
Anochetus faurei worker
科學分類 編輯
界: 動物界 Animalia
門: 節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱: 昆蟲綱 Insecta
目: 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科: 蟻科 Formicidae
亞科: 針蟻亞科 Ponerinae
族: 鋸針蟻族 Odontomachini
屬: 顎針蟻屬 Anochetus
模式種
Odontomachus ghilianii
(Spinola, 1851)
多樣性
123 種
異名

Myrmapatetes Wheeler, 1929
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862

物種描述

具有細長並向前延伸的大顎,能夠打開至接近 180° ,能夠以極快的速度閉合大顎。體型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。體色通常較為黯淡,棕色、黑色、紅色、黃色,有些物種雙色。

與易混淆物種的辨別方式

與鋸針蟻屬

鋸針蟻屬的腹柄節頂端具有一齒,而顎針蟻屬的具有兩齒或呈圓滑狀[6];鋸針蟻屬的頭部後方具有縫線,呈現倒 V 字形,有時候會稍微內凹,顎針蟻屬則呈現倒 U 字形[6]

與瘤顎家蟻

在野外小型的顎針蟻常和瘤顎家蟻搞混,但瘤顎家蟻有兩節腹柄節,而顎針蟻只有一節。

地區性物種分佈

中國和台灣地區共有8種[7]

  • A. graeffei Mayr, 1870
  • A. lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
  • A. longus Chen et al. 2019
  • A. madaraszi Mayr, 1897
  • A. mixtus Radchenko, 1993
  • A. medogensis Chen et al. 2019
  • A. risii Forel, 1900,
  • A. subcoecus Forel, 1912

物種列表

顎針蟻屬現生115種,已滅絕8種[8]。化石皆產於多明尼加琥珀[9][10][11]

參考資料

  1. ^ Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior. Zootaxa. 2014, 3817 (1): 1–242. PMID 24943802. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. 
  2. ^ Brown Jr WL. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica. 1978, 20: 549–638. 
  3. ^ Ouellette GD, Fisher BL and Girman D. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 359-369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017. 
  4. ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429. 
  5. ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Brown Jr. Willian L. Contribution toward a Reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, Tribe Ponerini, Subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, Subtribal Characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica. 1976, 19: 66-171. 
  7. ^ Chen Z, Yang Z and Zhou S. Review of the ant genus Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with revival of the valid status of Anochetus gracilis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 2019, 68: 49-74 [2020-06-06]. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.30784. (原始內容存檔於2021-05-07). 
  8. ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-06]. (原始內容存檔於2020-06-08). 
  9. ^ Baroni Urbani C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1-6. 
  10. ^ De Andrade ML. Fossil Odontomachiti ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti).. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1-28. 
  11. ^ MacKay WP. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138-140. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 De Andrade, M. L. Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1–28. 
  13. ^ MacKay, W. P. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138–140. 
  14. ^ Baroni Urbani, C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1–6. 

外部連結