颚针蚁属

蚁科的一属昆虫


颚针蚁属 (Anochetus ) 主要栖息于热带亚热带地区,少数几种栖息于温带地区,具有触发式大颚 (trap-jaw) ,肉食性[1][2]。姊妹群为锯针蚁属[3][4],锯针蚁属和颚针蚁属是锯针蚁族下唯二的成员,Santos et al. (2010) 的研究支持锯针蚁属是由颚针蚁属演化而来的假说[5]

颚针蚁属
化石时期:波尔多期至现代
Anochetus faurei worker
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 昆虫纲 Insecta
目: 膜翅目 Hymenoptera
科: 蚁科 Formicidae
亚科: 针蚁亚科 Ponerinae
族: 锯针蚁族 Odontomachini
属: 颚针蚁属 Anochetus
模式种
Odontomachus ghilianii
(Spinola, 1851)
多样性
123 种
异名

Myrmapatetes Wheeler, 1929
Stenomyrmex Mayr, 1862

物种描述

具有细长并向前延伸的大颚,能够打开至接近 180° ,能够以极快的速度闭合大颚。体型小至中等 (2.9 mm ~ 12 mm)。体色通常较为黯淡,棕色、黑色、红色、黄色,有些物种双色。

与易混淆物种的辨别方式

与锯针蚁属

锯针蚁属的腹柄节顶端具有一齿,而颚针蚁属的具有两齿或呈圆滑状[6];锯针蚁属的头部后方具有缝线,呈现倒 V 字形,有时候会稍微内凹,颚针蚁属则呈现倒 U 字形[6]

与瘤颚家蚁

在野外小型的颚针蚁常和瘤颚家蚁搞混,但瘤颚家蚁有两节腹柄节,而颚针蚁只有一节。

地区性物种分布

中国和台湾地区共有8种[7]

  • A. graeffei Mayr, 1870
  • A. lanyuensis Leong et al., 2018
  • A. longus Chen et al. 2019
  • A. madaraszi Mayr, 1897
  • A. mixtus Radchenko, 1993
  • A. medogensis Chen et al. 2019
  • A. risii Forel, 1900,
  • A. subcoecus Forel, 1912

物种列表

颚针蚁属现生115种,已灭绝8种[8]。化石皆产于多米尼加琥珀[9][10][11]

参考资料

  1. ^ Schmidt, C. A; Shattuck, S. O. The Higher Classification of the Ant Subfamily Ponerinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with a Review of Ponerine Ecology and Behavior. Zootaxa. 2014, 3817 (1): 1–242. PMID 24943802. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3817.1.1. 
  2. ^ Brown Jr WL. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, tribe Ponerini, subtribe Odontomachiti. Section B. Genus Anochetus and bibliography. Studia Entomologica. 1978, 20: 549–638. 
  3. ^ Ouellette GD, Fisher BL and Girman D. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2006, 40 (2): 359-369. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.03.017. 
  4. ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429. 
  5. ^ Santos IS, Costa MA, Mariano CSF, Delebie JHC, Andrade-Souza V and Silva JG. A Cytogenetic Approach to the Study of Neotropical Odontomachus and Anochetus Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2010, 103 (3): 424-429. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Brown Jr. Willian L. Contribution toward a Reclassification of the Formicidae. Part VI. Ponerinae, Tribe Ponerini, Subtribe Odontomachiti. Section A. Introduction, Subtribal Characters. Genus Odontomachus. Studia Entomologica. 1976, 19: 66-171. 
  7. ^ Chen Z, Yang Z and Zhou S. Review of the ant genus Anochetus Mayr, 1861 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from China, with revival of the valid status of Anochetus gracilis. Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 2019, 68: 49-74 [2020-06-06]. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.30784. (原始内容存档于2021-05-07). 
  8. ^ Barry Bolton. AntCat. [2020-06-06]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-08). 
  9. ^ Baroni Urbani C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1-6. 
  10. ^ De Andrade ML. Fossil Odontomachiti ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti).. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1-28. 
  11. ^ MacKay WP. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138-140. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 De Andrade, M. L. Fossil Odontomachiti Ants from the Dominican Republic (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. VII: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1994, 199: 1–28. 
  13. ^ MacKay, W. P. Anochetus brevidentatus, new species, a second fossil Odontomachiti ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1991, 99: 138–140. 
  14. ^ Baroni Urbani, C. Anochetus corayi n. sp., the first fossil Odontomachiti ant. (Amber Collection Stuttgart: Hymenoptera, Formicidae. II: Odontomachiti). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde. Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 1980, 55: 1–6. 

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